Harnessing Poultry Manure for Energy: A Strategy for Net Zero Emissions and Cost Reduction

This project aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the chicken and egg industry in Nova Scotia through waste valorization while concurrently proposing a sustainable energy source for the sector. The project seamlessly aligns with the Agricultural Emissions priority area of the Net Zero Emerging Concepts and Technologies (ECT) Research Program. Moreover, it focuses on green energy sources, environmental efficiencies, and sustainable production that contribute to the circular economy within the industry.

The average emission intensity of chicken is 5.4 kg CO2-eq/kg carcass weight for meat and 3.7 kg CO2-eq/kg for eggs, with manure emissions accounting for 20% in eggs and 6% in broilers. Given the environmental and health concerns associated with manure, and global initiatives to leverage biomass for energy, this project explores poultry manure as a renewable energy source. By valorizing waste, the research aims to facilitate a transition to sustainable practices and lower process costs.

The primary objective is to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of manure pyrolysis to mitigate GHG emissions. Pyrolysis, a process of heating without oxygen, is chosen for its efficiency, flexible conditions, diverse product outcomes, and eco-friendliness. It yields valuable products, including bio-oil, pyro-gas, and biochar. Bio-oil can substitute fossil fuels, pyro-gas can be reintegrated into the pyrolysis process or used to produce biofuels, and biochar can be used as a soil conditioner or solid biofuel.

Additionally, process simulation, Life Cycle Assessments (LCA), and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) will guide the application of pyrolysis in the chicken and egg industry, providing a roadmap for its implementation based on environmental and economic considerations. This research will pave the way for widespread adoption of pyrolysis across the poultry sector in Nova Scotia and potentially throughout Canada, positioning the province as a leader in sustainable agricultural practices.